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Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid—A case study

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 358-372 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0257-7

摘要： Efficient utilization of energy resources is essential for a developing country like India. The concept of smart grid (SG) can provide a highly reliable power system with optimized utilization of available resources. The present Indian power grid requires revolutionary changes to meet the growing demands and to make the grid smarter and reliable. One of the important requirements for SG is the instantaneous monitoring of the voltage, current and power flows at all buses in the grid. The traditional monitoring system cannot satisfy this requirement since they are based on nonlinear power flow equations. Synchro-phasor-measurement devices like phasor measurement units (PMUs) can measure the phasor values of voltages at installed buses. Consequently, the currents passing through all branches connected to that bus can be computed. Since the voltage phasor values at the neighboring buses of a bus containing the PMU can be estimated using Ohm’s law, it is redundant to install PMUs at all the buses in a power grid for its complete observability. This paper proposes the optimal geographical locations for the PMUs in southern region Indian power grid for the implementation of SG, using Integer Linear Programming. The proposed optimal geographical locations for PMU placement can be a stepping stone for the implementation of SG in India.

关键词： phasor measurement units (PMUs) smart grid (SG) southern region Indian power grid (SRIPG) integer linear programming (ILP)

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System resilience enhancement: Smart grid and beyond

Gang HUANG, Jianhui WANG, Chen CHEN, Chuangxin GUO, Bingquan ZHU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 271-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017030

摘要： Boosting the resilience of power systems is a core requirement of smart grids. In fact, resilience enhancement is crucial to all critical infrastructure systems. In this study, we review the current research on system resilience enhancement within and beyond smart grids. In addition, we elaborate on resilience definition and resilience quantification and discuss several challenges and opportunities for system resilience enhancement. This study aims to deepen our understanding of the concept of resilience and develop a wide perspective on enhancing the system resilience for critical infrastructures.

关键词： critical infrastructure cyber-physical systems energy systems resilience smart grid

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智能电网系统中智能负载的关键作用

施毅,顾为东,施建中

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 10-13

摘要：

本文根据中国国情，提出“智能负载”这一新的理念。通过物联网将智能负载和智能电网结合起来构成“非并网多能源协同智能电网系统”，该系统的核心是将中国大量的高耗能产业通过必要的技术创新，改造成能够适应风电等可再生能源和电网输出功率巨大波动的“智能负载”，为中国政府提供一条适合国情、大幅度提高电网和发电装备利用效率，并将风电等可再生能源高效、低成本全部利用的新路径。

关键词：非并网；多能源协同；智能负载；智能电网系统

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Special issue: Development of renewable energy and smart grid

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 105-106 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0476-4

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英国智能电网概述 Review

Nick Jenkins,Chao Long,Jianzhong Wu

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第4期页码 413-421 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015112

摘要：

本文为英国智能电网发展现状的概述。文中介绍了智能电网发展期间的相关定义、政策和技术驱动因素、激励机制、技术重点和行业发展情况，并特别详细说明了低碳网络基金和电网创新竞赛项目，展示了智能电表的相关部署情况。这些电力投资和智能电表安装将共同打造一个更加可测、可控的自动集成式电网。本文主要关注的是配电网络、受益于改进信息和通信技术的供电商与用户间的实时信息流及互动、有功潮流管理、需求管理和蓄能。从英国智能电网计划中取得的经验将为英国和其他国家未来智能电网的发展提供可贵的指导。

关键词：智能电网电力系统可再生能源低碳网络基金智能电表

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An overview of selected topics in smart grids

S. Hari Charan CHERUKURI,Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 441-458 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0418-6

摘要： Smart technologies when used in the traditional grid infrastructure will provide a different environment and working conditions in the grid by bringing the required smartness into the grid, called the smart grid. The smart grid can play a major role in the upcoming days to come because there is a necessity to integrate coordinated renewable energy resources into the grid and to operate the grids at a higher efficiency considering many aspects including reliability of the supply. Apart from this, there is a necessity to manage the demand supply gap in the smart grid by optimally scheduling the generators or by effectively scheduling the demand side resources instead of going for the traditional methods like partial or full load shedding. This paper presents an overview on the present state-of-the-art of smart grid technologies and broadly classifies the papers referred into two major areas, papers based on improvement of operational efficiency in smart grids and papers based on smartness in maintaining the demand supply gap. Some of the papers projected in this work also give a brief overview of the necessity of the smart grid.

关键词： smart grid demand side management electric springs operational efficiency

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Review of stochastic optimization methods for smart grid

S. Surender REDDY, Vuddanti SANDEEP, Chan-Mook JUNG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 197-209 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0457-7

摘要： This paper presents various approaches used by researchers for handling the uncertainties involved in renewable energy sources, load demands, etc. It gives an idea about stochastic programming (SP) and discusses the formulations given by different researchers for objective functions such as cost, loss, generation expansion, and voltage/V control with various conventional and advanced methods. Besides, it gives a brief idea about SP and its applications and discusses different variants of SP such as recourse model, chance constrained programming, sample average approximation, and risk aversion. Moreover, it includes the application of these variants in various power systems. Furthermore, it also includes the general mathematical form of expression for these variants and discusses the mathematical description of the problem and modeling of the system. This review of different optimization techniques will be helpful for smart grid development including renewable energy resources (RERs).

关键词： renewable energy sources stochastic optimization smart grid uncertainty optimal power flow (OPF)

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智能电网广域输电系统可视化 Artical

Thomas J. Overbye,James Weber

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第4期页码 466-474 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015098

摘要：

安装大量新型传感器和通信设备，并修建用于储存和管理这些设备收集的数据的计算基础设施，是建立输电系统“智能电网”的第一步。对设备进行大量投资之后，当前的关注点是开发大规模数据集的分析和可视化方法。大量新数据的最直接的应用是数据可视化。本文介绍了过去数年内电力行业针对数据可视化所开展的一些可视化技术的调研。这些技术包括饼图技术、动画技术、等高线技术、时变图技术、基于地理的显示技术、图像融合技术和数据聚合技术。本文还着重介绍了“迷你图”新概念，用这种相当于文字大小的图形显示大量时变数据是一种极为有效的方法。

关键词：电力系统广域可视化潮流暂态稳定性智能电网迷你图

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深度学习驱动的智能电网调度：综述 Review Article

黄刚1,吴飞2,郭创新3

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第5期页码 763-776 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000719

摘要：电力调度是智能电网运行的一大核心问题，其目的是在满足时空变化的电力负荷条件下提供电网的最优运行点。这一功能需要在一天内每隔几分钟运行一次，因此快速、准确的调度决策方法至关重要。但是，由于问题的复杂性，可靠且高效的决策方法仍在不断探索的过程中。随着可再生能源的大规模并网以及灾害性气候的不断恶化，智能电网对调度决策方法提出了更为严苛的要求。近年来，以深度学习为代表的人工智能方法在不少领域取得巨大成功，因此深度学习也被电气工程领域寄予厚望，国内外研究者开始重新思考智能电网的调度决策问题。本文即从深度学习这一角度对智能电网调度决策相关研究进行综述，旨在促进智能电网领域发展的同时促进人工智能生态的发展。

关键词：人工智能；深度学习；电力调度；智能电网

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Optimal redundant placement of PMUs in Indian power grid — northern, eastern and north-eastern regions

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 413-428 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0274-6

摘要： Effective utilization of renewable energy sources and efficient management of electric energy are essential for any developing countries like India. This can be envisioned through the implementation of concepts of smart grid (SG). One of the key requisites for SG implementation is that the grid should be completely observable. Renovation of conventional Indian power grid to a SG necessitates incorporation of the phasor measurement units (PMUs) in the present power grid measurement and monitoring system. Since the cost of PMU is high and any bus containing a PMU makes the neighboring connected buses observable, optimal placement of PMUs is very important for complete observability of the grid. This paper proposes optimal redundant geographical locations in the northern, eastern and north-eastern regions of Indian power grid for PMU placement. The PMUs installed in these geographical locations will make the grid completely observable and maintain the observability under the conditions of failure of some PMUs or branch outages. Integer linear programming has been used for finding the optimal PMU locations. The results proposed in this paper can be a stepping stone for revamping the Indian power grid to a SG ensuring complete observability during different contingency conditions.

关键词： phasor measurement unit (PMU) smart grid (SG) Indian power grid northern region Indian power grid (NRIPG) eastern region Indian power grid (ERIPG) north-eastern region Indian power grid (NERIPG) redundancy integer linear programing (ILP)

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双区块链辅助的安全与匿名数据聚合研究 Article

陈思光, 杨丽, 赵传信, Vijayakumar Varadarajan, 王堃

《工程（英文）》 2022年第8卷第1期页码 159-169 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.018

摘要：

作为未来典型的能源系统，智能电网旨在提高传统电力系统的效率，同时提供更稳定可靠的服务。但是，这种高效、可靠的服务依赖于频繁收集和分析用户的用电数据，将引发各种安全和隐私威胁。为了应对这些挑战，本文在雾计算使能智能电网场景下提出了一种双区块链辅助的安全与匿名数据聚合（doubleblockchain assisted secure and anonymous data aggregation, DA-SADA）方案。具体地，本文通过融合雾计算和区块链技术设计了一种三层架构的数据聚合框架，该框架为实现智能电网中安全高效的数据收集提供了有力支撑；其次，通过融合Paillier同态加密、批量聚合签名和匿名身份验证机制，提出了一种低计算开销、安全且匿名的数据聚合机制。特别地，该方案通过设计的双区块链和二级数据聚合框架，实现了细粒度的数据聚合，并为电力调度和动态定价提供了有效的支撑。最后，通过一系列的安全性和计算成本分析说明了该方案的优越性。

关键词：区块链雾计算同态加密智能电网匿名性

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Smart residential energy management system for demand response in buildings with energy storage devices

S. L. ARUN, M. P. SELVAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 715-730 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0538-2

摘要： In the present scenario, the utilities are focusing on smart grid technologies to achieve reliable and profitable grid operation. Demand side management (DSM) is one of such smart grid technologies which motivate end users to actively participate in the electricity market by providing incentives. Consumers are expected to respond (demand response (DR)) in various ways to attain these benefits. Nowadays, residential consumers are interested in energy storage devices such as battery to reduce power consumption from the utility during peak intervals. In this paper, the use of a smart residential energy management system (SREMS) is demonstrated at the consumer premise to reduce the total electricity bill by optimally time scheduling the operation of household appliances. Further, the SREMS effectively utilizes the battery by scheduling the mode of operation of the battery (charging/floating/discharging) and the amount of power exchange from the battery while considering the variations in consumer demand and utility parameters such as electricity price and consumer consumption limit (CCL). The SREMS framework is implemented in Matlab and the case study results show significant yields for the end user.

关键词： smart grid demand side management (DSM) demand response (DR) smart building smart appliances energy storage

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智能电网基本理念阐释 Views & Comments

余贻鑫, 刘艳丽, 秦超

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第4期页码 405-408 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015120

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智能电网与能源互联网专题主编寄语

余贻鑫

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第7期页码 717-718 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.008

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智能电网与能源网融合中的新材料与新装备技术

宁圃奇, 韦统振, 肖立业, 齐智平, 严萍

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第3期页码 125-131 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.018

摘要：

新材料技术及其新装备作为未来智能电网与能源网融合的重要组成部分，对推动我国能源革命，促进能源转型以及刺激能源行业创新发展具有重大作用。本文以“融合网”为对象，重点探讨了新材料及其新装备的关键技术，并详细分析了发展新材料及其新装备对我国能源战略布局与发展的重要意义。基于国内外发展现状，本文重点讨论了新材料及其新装备在实现“融合网”过程中可能遇到的主要问题，分析了面向“融合网”新材料及其装备的发展趋势与挑战。据此本文在最后提出发展建议，力求助力我国新材料及其新装备的建设，推动“融合网”的深度发展。

关键词：新材料新装备融合网